History of the “Khan Raising” Ceremony in the State Administration of the Khiva Khanate
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17605/cajssh.v7i3.1345Keywords:
state administration of the Khiva Khanate, khan, “khan raising” ceremony, closed council meeting, oath-taking (bay’at), chigatai, jiga, felt carpet (kigiz)Abstract
This article examines issues related to state administration, particularly the “khan raising” ceremony within the state governance system of the Khiva Khanate. The study reveals aspects such as the procedure of conducting this ceremony, its location, timing, and participants. It also considers issues related to the legitimization of the authority of Khiva khans.
References
Mirzo Olim Makhdum Khoji. History of Turkestan (Tarikhi Turkiston). – Tashkent: Yangi Asr Avlodi, 2009.
Ron Sela. Ritual and Authority in Central Asia: The Khans’ Inauguration Ceremony. Bloomington, Indiana, 2003.
Abulgazi. Shajarayi Turk (Genealogy of the Turks). Responsible editor: B. Akhmedov. Prepared for publication by Q. Munirov and Q. Mahmudov. – Tashkent: Cholpon, 1992.
Muhammad Riza Erniyozbek ogli Agahi. Zubdat ut-Tavorikh. Prepared for publication by N. Jabborov. – Tashkent: Uzbekistan, NMIY, 2009.
Munis and Agahi. Firdavs ul-Iqbal. – Tashkent: Yangi Asr Avlodi, 2010.
Vámbéry, H. History of Bukhara or Transoxiana from Ancient Times to the Present. Vol. I. – St. Petersburg, 1873.
Savelyev, P.S. Baziner’s Journey through the Kirghiz Steppe to Khiva. – St. Petersburg, 1849.
Veselovsky, N.I. Essay on Historical and Geographical Information about the Khiva Khanate from Ancient Times to the Present. – St. Petersburg, 1877.
Bayani. Shajarayi Khorezmshahi (Genealogy of the Khorezmshahs). Editorial board: B. Akhmedov et al. – Tashkent: Kamalak, 1991.
Rizaquli Hidayat. Travel Diaries of the Khorezm Journey. Responsible editor: Sh. Vohidov. Translated from Persian by I. Bekjonov. – Tashkent: Yangi Asr Avlodi, 2010.
Some Notes on the Khivan Turkmens and Kirghiz. From a Notebook. St. Petersburg, 1886.
Explanatory Dictionary of the Uzbek Language. – Moscow: Russkiy Yazyk, 1981.
Encyclopedic Dictionary. Vol. I. – Tashkent, 1987.
Abdurasulov, A. Khiva (Historical-Ethnographic Essays). – Tashkent: Uzbekistan, 1997.
Occupations and Daily Life of the Peoples of Central Asia. Central Asian Ethnographic Collection III. – Leningrad: Nauka, 1971.
In fact, the practice of raising the heir to the throne on a felt carpet and proclaiming him khan existed in all three khanates. Since this study is limited to the example of the Khiva Khanate, aspects relating to the Bukhara and Kokand Khanates were not examined separately. However, certain elements of this issue have been reflected in previous studies.
Jiga is a word borrowed from Persian-Tajik. In Tashkent, it was also used during wedding ceremonies, where grooms wore a jiga gifted by the bride’s father. It was attached to children’s headwear during circumcision ceremonies. There were also jigas attached to animals such as horses and camels, usually fixed to the bridle. See: Uzbek National Encyclopedia, Vol. III. – Tashkent, 2002.
Allaeva, N. Relations between the Khiva Khanate and Iran in the XVI–XVIII Centuries. Dissertation submitted for the degree of Candidate of Historical Sciences. – Tashkent, 2007.
Allaeva, N., Begalieva, D. “The ‘Khan Raising’ Ceremony in the Khiva Khanate.” Meros, 2016, No. 1.
Bregel, Yu. Firdavs al-Iqbal: History of Khorezm by Shir Muhammad Mirob Munis and Muhammad Riza Mirob Agahi. Boston–Cologne: Brill Leiden, 1999.
Turaeva, S. History of Crafts in the Khiva Khanate in the Second Half of the XVIII Century – the 1870s of the XIX Century. Dissertation submitted for the degree of Candidate of Historical Sciences. – Tashkent, 2010.
Saburova, S. The State System of the Khiva Khanate in the XIX Century and the Beginning of the XX Century.Dissertation submitted for the degree of Candidate of Historical Sciences. – Tashkent, 2002.
Mutalov, O. The Khiva Khanate during the Reign of Allakuli Khan (1825–1842) (Based on the Manuscript “Riyaz ud-Dawla”). Dissertation submitted for the degree of Candidate of Historical Sciences. – Tashkent, 2003. – p. 16.
Anke von Kügelgen. Legitimation of the Central Asian Manghit Dynasty in the Works of Their Historians.
Concise Dictionary for the Works of Navoi. – Tashkent: Fan, 1993.
Syukiyainen, L.R. Muslim Law: Questions of Theory and Practice. – Moscow: Nauka, 1986.
Saidov, Sh. Foreign Relations and Trade Connections of the Khorezm People’s Soviet Republic (1920–1924).Dissertation submitted for the degree of Candidate of Historical Sciences. – Tashkent, 2003.
Muhammad Riza Agahi. “Zubdat al-Tavarikh.” Scientific-Critical Text. Compiled by H. Nazirova. – Tashkent–Samarkand: IICAS, 2016.
Sayyid Hamid Tora Komyob. Tavorikh ul-Khavonin. – Tashkent: Akademiya, 2002.
Zakharin, I. Embassy to Khiva in 1842 (Based on the Stories and Notes of an Eyewitness). In: Historical Herald, No. 11, 1894. pp. 1840–1860 [p. 436].


