Trade Routes and Economic Relations in The “Zafarnoma”: A Comparative Historical Analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17605/cajssh.v7i2.1314Keywords:
Amir Temur, Timurids, trade relations, Zafarnama, Nizam al-Din Shami, Sharaf al-Din Ali Yazdi, Great Silk Road, economic policy, caravan routes, source studiesAbstract
This article examines how trade relations, international economic connections, the restoration of the Great Silk Road, and the security of caravan routes are represented in the “Zafarnama” chronicles written by Nizam al-Din Shami and Sharaf al-Din Ali Yazdi. The economic information contained in the sources is analyzed through comparative methodology, allowing the identification of similarities and differences in the authors’ interpretations. The study expands the source base on the economic policies of the Timurid state, its trade infrastructure, and international relations.
References
V. V. Barthold, Turkestan Down to the Mongol Invasion. London: Luzac & Co., 1968.
B. F. Manz, The Rise and Rule of Tamerlane. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.
P. Jackson, The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2017.
D. Morgan, The Mongols, 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2007.
S. A. M. Adshead, Central Asia in World History. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1993.
Amir Temur, Temur’s Code. Tashkent: Ijod-Press, 2019.
Sharaf al-Din Ali Yazdi, Zafarnama. Tehran, 1968.
Ibn Arabshah, Aja’ib al-Maqdur fi Tarikh Taymur. Cairo, 1960.
R. G. de Clavijo, Embassy to Tamerlane (1403–1406). Madrid, 1943.
A. Ziyo, Economic Life in the Timurid Period. Tashkent: Fan, 2008.
B. Axmedov, Economic History of Central Asia. Samarkand, 2012.
B. Hasanov, The Great Silk Road and the History of Uzbekistan. Tashkent: Sharq, 2016.
B. Usmonov, History of the Fergana Valley during the Period of Amir Temur and the Timurids. Fergana, 2024.
N. Karimova, “Relations between the Timurids and China,” Oriental Studies Collection, no. 7. Tashkent: Sharqshunoslik.
Z. M. Babur, Baburnama. Tashkent: Fan, 2018.
