Criticism of the Stylistic Approach and Its Levels in 'Miftah Al-‘Ulum' By Al-Sakaki
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17605/cajssh.v7i1.1279Keywords:
Al-Sakaki, Key to the Sciences, Stylistics, Stratified Stylistics, Classical RhetoricAbstract
Analyzing the roots of many modern linguistic theories and approaches in literary criticism and contemporary linguistics is considered an important topic in contemporary literary research, especially in the old and Islamic critical heritage, due to its immense scholarly wealth.
There is no doubt that Islamic rhetoric has achieved tremendous accomplishments in the field of linguistic knowledge and the evaluation of literary discourse, under the framework of Quranic research from the time of its revelation until now. Many of the theories that emerged in Europe in the last two centuries have an Islamic character, and the basis of those theories, or at least some of their indications, were adopted from Islamic rhetoric. We also see that this issue in the theories drew its roots from the works of Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani, as explicitly stated by theorists. Although the ancient rhetoricians did not present these ideas in the form of systematic and artistic theoretical frameworks, these books and works contain the information and evidence related to methodological and innovative approaches for analyzing speech and literary texts through the remaining works of the old scholars and critics.
The book 'Miftah al-Ulum' by Al-Sakkaki holds great importance in shaping new theories. This book has been a source for many rhetorical works since its writing, and various commentaries and studies have been based on it. It continues to be considered fertile ground for deriving effects and indicators for new theories.
This article aims to identify and analyze the five foundations of class-based stylistics, encompassing five levels: rhythmic, grammatical, lexical, rhetorical, and intellectual, in this book. The result shows that the author's style and the structure of the book are closely linked to stylistics in its modern sense. The author discussed different levels of this critical branch, such as phonetic, grammatical, rhetorical, and some of its criteria in his book. It is worth mentioning that the method used in this research is descriptive-analytical.
References
Y. Abu al-Adous, Stylistics: Vision and Application. Amman, Jordan: Dar al-Masirah for Publishing and Printing, 2010.
M. Abu Musa, Characteristics of Structures: An Analytical Study of Issues in Semantics, 7th ed. Cairo, Egypt: Wahba Library, n.d.
M. R. Ahmad Saleh, “A stylistic study of Surah Maryam,” M.S. thesis, Faculty of Graduate Studies, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine, 2003.
A. Bazio, A Study of the Stylistic Characteristics in Surah An-Naml. Algiers, Algeria: University of Algiers, 2007.
H. Blett, Rhetoric and Stylistics: Towards Semiotic Models for Text Analysis, M. al-Amri, Trans. Beirut, Lebanon: Casablanca, 1999.
P. Giroux, Stylistics, 2nd ed., M. Ayashi, Trans. Aleppo, Syria: Dar al-Hasoub for Printing, 1994.
A. ibn M. ibn A. Al-Jurjani, Definitions. Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya, 1983.
M. A. al-Munʿim Khafaji, M. al-Saʿdi Farhoud, and A. A. Sharaf, Stylistics and Arabic Rhetoric. Cairo, Egypt: Egyptian-Lebanese House, 1992.
A. al-Qadir Al-Rubaʿi, The Aesthetics of Poetic Meaning: Formation and Interpretation. Beirut, Lebanon: Arab Foundation for Studies and Publishing, 1998.
A. Yaʿqub Al-Sakkaki, Key to the Sciences. Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya, 1987.
Y. ibn A. B. Al-Sakkaki, Key to the Sciences, 2nd ed., N. Zarzur, Ed. Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya, 1982.
M. Abd al-Muttalib, Rhetoric and Stylistics. Beirut, Lebanon: Library of Lebanon, 1994.
M. S. Ubayd, Modern Arabic Poetry Between Semantic and Rhythmic Structure: The Sensitivity of the First Poetic Emergence. Damascus, Syria: Arab Writers Union, 2011.
M. Ayad, “Modern stylistics: An attempt at definition,” Fusul, no. 2, 1981.
S. Fadl, Stylistics. Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Afaq al-Jadida, 1992.
A. al-Salam Al-Masdi, Stylistics and Style, 3rd ed. Tunis, Tunisia: Arab House for Books, 1982.
A. al-Khaliq Mahmoud, Ibn al-Farid’s Poetry in Light of Modern Literary Criticism, 3rd ed. Cairo, Egypt: Dar al-Maaref, 1984.
S. Maslouh, On the Literary Text: A Statistical Stylistic Study. Cairo, Egypt: Ain for Human and Social Studies and Research, 1414 AH.
Y. H. Jaber, Analysis of Poetic Discourse Between Theory and Application. Saudi Arabia: Literary and Cultural Club, 1999.
C. Bally, Traité de stylistique française, 2nd ed. Heidelberg, Germany: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, 1921.
