Peasantry and Food Security in Nigeria
Keywords:
Peasantry, food securityAbstract
This Study examined and evaluated the role of peasantry performed by peasants to guarantee food security in Nigeria. The set goal is to emphasis the impact of peasants in the process of ensuring food security in Nigeria. And the paper argue strongly that peasants are of necessity in the struggle to avert food insecurity in Nigeria and that their empowerment and advancement is imperative. The works of Marse, Engels, Clement, Cunningham, Smith, Ake, etc on Marxian political economy approach as the theoretical framework was adopted as to establish the social relations in the mode of production and the exploitation of the peasant worker by the Bourgeoisies to amass wealth through the surplus values that they reinvest as to build capital at the expense of the workers wages, as well as the connection between the peasants and food security through surplus in food production, if empowered with an improved skills and seedlings. It adopted a secondary method of sourcing data through the published academic materials and internet materials. However, the study recommended among others that; government transformation policies on the rural peasants improvement on their skills through massive programmes that will facilitate their production, improved transportation system from the rural areas to the urban cities, food preservation facilitates should be provided, amendment of land use decree in Nigeria to allow peasants have access and ownership rights on their lands as part of their means of food production.
References
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7. Atinmo, T. & Ademiran, T. (1999). Policy failure in the search for food security in Nigeria. In A. Ogunrinade, R. Omangto & J. May (Eds). Not by bread alone: food security and governance in Africa. South Africa. Toda. Institute for Global Peace and Policy Research.
8. Attah, A.W. (2012). Food security in Nigeria: the role of peasants in Nigeria. African Research Review, an International Multidisciplinary Journal, Ethiopia Vol. 6(4). Serial No. 27, October, 2012. Pp. 173 – 190. Retrieved on the 28th of May, 2019 from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download? doi=1,1,1021.8978&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
9. Berstein, H. (2010). Class dynamics of agrarian change: Halifax: Fernwood Publishing.
10. Bigman, D. (1991). Food policies and food security under instability: Modeling and analysis. Lexington: Lexington Book. D.C. Health and Company.
11. Bottomore, T.B.A. (1991). Dictionary of Marxist Thought. Massachusetts: Wiley – Blackwell.
12. Bryceson, D.F. (2000). African Peasant centrality and marginality: rural labour transformation. In D.F. Bryceson, Kay, C. & J. Mooij (Eds) (2000). Disappearing peasants: rural labour in Africa, Asia and Latin America. London, IT Publications, Pp. 37 – 63. Retrieved on May, 28, 2019 from http://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 30025161 2-African--Peasants-Century-and-marginality-Rural labour-Transformations.
13. Bryceson, D.F. (2009). Sub-Saharan Africa’s vanishing peasantries and the specter of a global food crisis. Monthly Review (July – August 2009). Retrieved on June 2, 2019 from http://hirn.org/img/documents/Bryceson%2020.pdf.
14. Bryceson, D.F., Kay, C. & Mooij, J. (eds) (2000). Disappearing peasantries? Land and labour in Africa, Asia and Latin America. London: Immediate Technology Publications.
15. Byres, T.J. (2006). Differentiation of the Peasantry under Fendalism and the transition to Capitalism: in defence of Rodney Hilton. Journal of American Change. Vol. 6 No. 1.
16. Daniloy, V.P. (1988). Rural Russia under the new regime. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
17. Daton, G. (1972). Peasants in Anthropology and History. Current Anthropology. 13, No. 3 – 4, October.
18. Deere, C.D. (1995). What difference does gender make? Rethinking Peasant Studies. Feminist Economic 1, No. 1.
19. Dimmelmeier, A., Purckhaner, A. & Shah, A. (2006). Marxian Political Economy. Posted on the 18th of December, 2016. Retrieved on the 19th of August, 2019 from https://www.exploringeconomics.org/en/orientation/marxist-political-economy.
20. Dyson, T. (1994). Population growth and food production: recent global and regional trends. Population and Development Review, vol. 20. No. 2, June.
21. Edelmna, M. (1999). Peasants against globalization: rural social movements in cost Rica. California: Stanford University Press.
22. Eme, O.I., Onyishi, T.U., Okala, A. & Uche, I.B. (2014). Challenges of Food Security in Nigeria: Options before Government. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (OMAN Chapter). Vol. 4. No. 1; August. Retrieved on May 28, 2019 from https://www.arabianjbmr.com/pdfs/om -vol-4-(1)/2.pdf.
23. Ezekwene, A. (2007). Unbridled rice import. In Punch, October 11.
24. Faloseyi, M. (2006). Nigeria has no food security. In Punch, November 14.
25. Famorijo, O.A. (1998). Institutional Framework for Agriculture and Food Production in Nigeria’s Future Prospects. In Applied Tropical Agricultural Journal, 3(1).
26. Fanon, F. (1967). The wretched of the earth. London: Penguin Books.
27. FAO (2001). Perspective Study on agriculture development in the Shellian Countries, vol. 3. In I.J. Otaha (2013). Food Insecurity in Nigeria: way forward. African Research Review: An International Multidisciplinary Journal. Ethiopia. Vol. 7 (4). Serial No. 31, September, 2013: 26 – 35. Retrieved on the 2nd of August 2019 from https://www.ajol.info/index. php/afrrev/article/viewfile/9660/86004.
28. FAO, (1996). The state of food and agriculture 1981. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
29. FAO, (2010). World food crisis the price of neglect. In I.J. Otaha, (2013). Food Security in Nigeria: way forward. African Research Review. An International Multidisciplinary Journal. Ethiopia, Vol. 7(4), serial no. 31. September, 2013: 26 – 35. Retrieved on the 2nd of August, 2019 from https://www.ajol.info/index.php/afrrev/article/viewfile/ 9660/86004.
30. FAO, (2011). The state of food and agriculture 2010. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
31. Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) (2012). The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2001. FAO: Rome, Italy.
32. Fuchs, C. (2014). Digital labour and Karl Marx. London: Routledge.
33. Gamble, M. (2000). Marxism after Communism: beyond realism and historicism. Review of International Studies. Vol. 25.
34. Gokun, G.G. (2007). Agricultural Development Programs and Food Security in Nigeria (1970 – 2004). In P. Ogiji (ed)f the Nigerian Economy: Challenges and Directions for Growth in the Next 25 years. Makurdi: Aboki Publishers.
35. Harvey, D. (2014). Seventeen Contradictions and the end of Capitalism. London: Profile Books.
36. Hodge, C.C. (2008). Encyclopedia of the age of imperialism, 1800 – 1914. Volume 2. Westport, Connecticut; Greenwood Publishing Group Inc.
37. Idachaba, F.S. (2009). The looming food crisis. Newswatch. Lagos. August 3. Special Colloquium Edition.
38. Kearney, M. (1996). Reconceptualizing the Peasantry. Anthropology in global perspective. Boulder. Co: Westview Press (Fanon, 1967).
39. Laclau, E. & Mouffe, C. (2001). Hegemony and Socialist Strategy. London: Verso Books.
40. Marx, K. (1957). The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte. New York: International Publishers.
41. Milward, B. & Moseley, F. (2012). Review of Marxian Political Economy: Theory, History and Contemporary Relevance. Retrieved on the 10th of August, 2019 from http://www.mtholyoke.edu/-fmoseley/working%20a.ers/ milwand.pdf.
42. Nachmias, D. & Nachmias, C. (1976). Research Method in Social Sciences. UK: Edward Arnolds.
43. O’Connor, J. (1988). Capitalism, nature, socialism a theoretical introduction. Capitalism nature, socialism. Vol. 1, No. 1 (Marx, 1852).
44. Odey, M.O. (2002). Alternative approaches to food security strategies in Nigeria in the New Millennium. In P. Ogiji (ed). Implications for food security and agricultural reforms in Nigeria. Essays in Honor of David Iornongo Ker: The food basket myth. Makurdi: Aboki Publishers.
45. Ogali, M.D. (2017). Marxist theoretical debates on the peasantry and the contradiction of sustainable development in Nigeria. Journal of Political Science and Leadership Research. ISSN 2504-8821 Vol. 3, No. 2, 2017. Retrieved on the 2nd of August 2019 from https://iiardeub.org/get/JPSCR/Vol.%203%20N%202%202017/marxist%20 Theoretical.pdf.
46. Ojo, M.O. (1994). Agricultural performance and policy under the structural adjustment programme in Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Economic and Social Studies, 36, 2.
47. Olayide, S.O. (1982). Food and Nutrition Crisis in Nigeria. Ibadan: Lard.
48. Post, K. (1972). Peasantization and Rural Political Movements in Western Africa, European Journal of Sociology. XIII 2.
49. Rentlinger, S. (1985). Food Security and Poverty in LDCS. Finance and Development. Vol. 22.
50. Sayer, A. (1992). Method in Social Science: A realist approach (2nd Edition). London: Rontledge Publishers.
51. Shanin, T. (1973). The Nature of logic of the peasant economy 1: A Generalization Journal of Peasant Studies, No. 1.
52. Shanin, T. (1976). Introduction in T. Shanin, (ed). Peasants and Peasant Societies. Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin.
53. Silverman, S. (1979). The Peasant Concept in Anthropology. Journal of Peasant Societies. No. 1.
54. Sutton, J.E.G. (1997). Agriculture beginnings and early development. In J. Middleton (ed), Encyclopedia of Africa South of the Sahara. New York: Charles Scribers Sons.
55. The World Bank (1986). Security for food and nutrition security. World Bank Report. No. 9040. Washington D.C. Retrieved on the 28th of May, 2019.
56. Tijjani, N., Alhassan, B., Saddick, A.I. Muhammad, I. Lawal, A.M. & Maje, S.A. (2013). Renewable energy and sustainable food security in Nigeria. Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy, Vol. 3(4).
57. Tollens, F. (2000). Food Security: Incidence and causes of food insecurity among vulnerable groups and coping strategies. In CTA (2000). Food insecurity in ACP countries. Proceedings of a CTA seminar, November.
58. Tollens, F. (2000). Food Security: Incidence and Causes of Food Insecurity among Vulnerable Groups and Coping Strategies, in CTA (2000). Food Insecurity in ACP Countries. Proceeding of a CTA Seminar, November (World Bank, 1986).
59. USAID, (2011). Promoting Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa. The Journal Outlook on Agriculture, Vol. 27. In I.J. Otaha, (2013). Food insecurity in Nigeria: way forward. African Research Review: An International Multidisciplinary Journal, Ethiopia, vol. 7 (4), Serial No. 31, September, 2013:26 – 35. Retrieved on the 2nd of August, 2019 from https://www.ajol.info/index.php/afrrev/article/viewfile/9660/86004.
60. Wolf, E. (1966). Peasants. London: Prentice – Hill.
2. Adebayo, A.A. (2010). Food Security: Food Security Status in Nigeria. Pre and Past Economic Deregulation Review. Retrieved on the 10th of August, 2019 from http://www.icidr.org/ijedri-vol1no1-april2010/00dSecurity%20status%20in%20NigeriaPr%20and%20as%20Economic20Deregulation%20Review.pdf.
3. Adeoti, J.A. (1989). Economic Crisis in Developing Countries: the food dimension Ilorin Journal of Business and Social Sciences, Vol. 1.
4. Agbo, O. (2002). The Political Economic of Food Security in Nigeria. Unpublished M.Sc Dissertation, Department of Political Science, Benue State University Makurdi, November.
5. Andah, B. (1993). Identifying early forming traditions of West Africa. In T. Shaw, P. Sinclair, B. Andah & A. Okpoko. The Archaeology of Africa: food, metals and towns. London: Routledge.
6. Arslan, M. (2018). Can food preservation lead to food security. Retrieved on the 18th of February, 2020 from https://agrihunt.com/uncategorized/can-food-preservation -leads-to-food-security.
7. Atinmo, T. & Ademiran, T. (1999). Policy failure in the search for food security in Nigeria. In A. Ogunrinade, R. Omangto & J. May (Eds). Not by bread alone: food security and governance in Africa. South Africa. Toda. Institute for Global Peace and Policy Research.
8. Attah, A.W. (2012). Food security in Nigeria: the role of peasants in Nigeria. African Research Review, an International Multidisciplinary Journal, Ethiopia Vol. 6(4). Serial No. 27, October, 2012. Pp. 173 – 190. Retrieved on the 28th of May, 2019 from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download? doi=1,1,1021.8978&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
9. Berstein, H. (2010). Class dynamics of agrarian change: Halifax: Fernwood Publishing.
10. Bigman, D. (1991). Food policies and food security under instability: Modeling and analysis. Lexington: Lexington Book. D.C. Health and Company.
11. Bottomore, T.B.A. (1991). Dictionary of Marxist Thought. Massachusetts: Wiley – Blackwell.
12. Bryceson, D.F. (2000). African Peasant centrality and marginality: rural labour transformation. In D.F. Bryceson, Kay, C. & J. Mooij (Eds) (2000). Disappearing peasants: rural labour in Africa, Asia and Latin America. London, IT Publications, Pp. 37 – 63. Retrieved on May, 28, 2019 from http://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 30025161 2-African--Peasants-Century-and-marginality-Rural labour-Transformations.
13. Bryceson, D.F. (2009). Sub-Saharan Africa’s vanishing peasantries and the specter of a global food crisis. Monthly Review (July – August 2009). Retrieved on June 2, 2019 from http://hirn.org/img/documents/Bryceson%2020.pdf.
14. Bryceson, D.F., Kay, C. & Mooij, J. (eds) (2000). Disappearing peasantries? Land and labour in Africa, Asia and Latin America. London: Immediate Technology Publications.
15. Byres, T.J. (2006). Differentiation of the Peasantry under Fendalism and the transition to Capitalism: in defence of Rodney Hilton. Journal of American Change. Vol. 6 No. 1.
16. Daniloy, V.P. (1988). Rural Russia under the new regime. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
17. Daton, G. (1972). Peasants in Anthropology and History. Current Anthropology. 13, No. 3 – 4, October.
18. Deere, C.D. (1995). What difference does gender make? Rethinking Peasant Studies. Feminist Economic 1, No. 1.
19. Dimmelmeier, A., Purckhaner, A. & Shah, A. (2006). Marxian Political Economy. Posted on the 18th of December, 2016. Retrieved on the 19th of August, 2019 from https://www.exploringeconomics.org/en/orientation/marxist-political-economy.
20. Dyson, T. (1994). Population growth and food production: recent global and regional trends. Population and Development Review, vol. 20. No. 2, June.
21. Edelmna, M. (1999). Peasants against globalization: rural social movements in cost Rica. California: Stanford University Press.
22. Eme, O.I., Onyishi, T.U., Okala, A. & Uche, I.B. (2014). Challenges of Food Security in Nigeria: Options before Government. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (OMAN Chapter). Vol. 4. No. 1; August. Retrieved on May 28, 2019 from https://www.arabianjbmr.com/pdfs/om -vol-4-(1)/2.pdf.
23. Ezekwene, A. (2007). Unbridled rice import. In Punch, October 11.
24. Faloseyi, M. (2006). Nigeria has no food security. In Punch, November 14.
25. Famorijo, O.A. (1998). Institutional Framework for Agriculture and Food Production in Nigeria’s Future Prospects. In Applied Tropical Agricultural Journal, 3(1).
26. Fanon, F. (1967). The wretched of the earth. London: Penguin Books.
27. FAO (2001). Perspective Study on agriculture development in the Shellian Countries, vol. 3. In I.J. Otaha (2013). Food Insecurity in Nigeria: way forward. African Research Review: An International Multidisciplinary Journal. Ethiopia. Vol. 7 (4). Serial No. 31, September, 2013: 26 – 35. Retrieved on the 2nd of August 2019 from https://www.ajol.info/index. php/afrrev/article/viewfile/9660/86004.
28. FAO, (1996). The state of food and agriculture 1981. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
29. FAO, (2010). World food crisis the price of neglect. In I.J. Otaha, (2013). Food Security in Nigeria: way forward. African Research Review. An International Multidisciplinary Journal. Ethiopia, Vol. 7(4), serial no. 31. September, 2013: 26 – 35. Retrieved on the 2nd of August, 2019 from https://www.ajol.info/index.php/afrrev/article/viewfile/ 9660/86004.
30. FAO, (2011). The state of food and agriculture 2010. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
31. Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) (2012). The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2001. FAO: Rome, Italy.
32. Fuchs, C. (2014). Digital labour and Karl Marx. London: Routledge.
33. Gamble, M. (2000). Marxism after Communism: beyond realism and historicism. Review of International Studies. Vol. 25.
34. Gokun, G.G. (2007). Agricultural Development Programs and Food Security in Nigeria (1970 – 2004). In P. Ogiji (ed)f the Nigerian Economy: Challenges and Directions for Growth in the Next 25 years. Makurdi: Aboki Publishers.
35. Harvey, D. (2014). Seventeen Contradictions and the end of Capitalism. London: Profile Books.
36. Hodge, C.C. (2008). Encyclopedia of the age of imperialism, 1800 – 1914. Volume 2. Westport, Connecticut; Greenwood Publishing Group Inc.
37. Idachaba, F.S. (2009). The looming food crisis. Newswatch. Lagos. August 3. Special Colloquium Edition.
38. Kearney, M. (1996). Reconceptualizing the Peasantry. Anthropology in global perspective. Boulder. Co: Westview Press (Fanon, 1967).
39. Laclau, E. & Mouffe, C. (2001). Hegemony and Socialist Strategy. London: Verso Books.
40. Marx, K. (1957). The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte. New York: International Publishers.
41. Milward, B. & Moseley, F. (2012). Review of Marxian Political Economy: Theory, History and Contemporary Relevance. Retrieved on the 10th of August, 2019 from http://www.mtholyoke.edu/-fmoseley/working%20a.ers/ milwand.pdf.
42. Nachmias, D. & Nachmias, C. (1976). Research Method in Social Sciences. UK: Edward Arnolds.
43. O’Connor, J. (1988). Capitalism, nature, socialism a theoretical introduction. Capitalism nature, socialism. Vol. 1, No. 1 (Marx, 1852).
44. Odey, M.O. (2002). Alternative approaches to food security strategies in Nigeria in the New Millennium. In P. Ogiji (ed). Implications for food security and agricultural reforms in Nigeria. Essays in Honor of David Iornongo Ker: The food basket myth. Makurdi: Aboki Publishers.
45. Ogali, M.D. (2017). Marxist theoretical debates on the peasantry and the contradiction of sustainable development in Nigeria. Journal of Political Science and Leadership Research. ISSN 2504-8821 Vol. 3, No. 2, 2017. Retrieved on the 2nd of August 2019 from https://iiardeub.org/get/JPSCR/Vol.%203%20N%202%202017/marxist%20 Theoretical.pdf.
46. Ojo, M.O. (1994). Agricultural performance and policy under the structural adjustment programme in Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Economic and Social Studies, 36, 2.
47. Olayide, S.O. (1982). Food and Nutrition Crisis in Nigeria. Ibadan: Lard.
48. Post, K. (1972). Peasantization and Rural Political Movements in Western Africa, European Journal of Sociology. XIII 2.
49. Rentlinger, S. (1985). Food Security and Poverty in LDCS. Finance and Development. Vol. 22.
50. Sayer, A. (1992). Method in Social Science: A realist approach (2nd Edition). London: Rontledge Publishers.
51. Shanin, T. (1973). The Nature of logic of the peasant economy 1: A Generalization Journal of Peasant Studies, No. 1.
52. Shanin, T. (1976). Introduction in T. Shanin, (ed). Peasants and Peasant Societies. Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin.
53. Silverman, S. (1979). The Peasant Concept in Anthropology. Journal of Peasant Societies. No. 1.
54. Sutton, J.E.G. (1997). Agriculture beginnings and early development. In J. Middleton (ed), Encyclopedia of Africa South of the Sahara. New York: Charles Scribers Sons.
55. The World Bank (1986). Security for food and nutrition security. World Bank Report. No. 9040. Washington D.C. Retrieved on the 28th of May, 2019.
56. Tijjani, N., Alhassan, B., Saddick, A.I. Muhammad, I. Lawal, A.M. & Maje, S.A. (2013). Renewable energy and sustainable food security in Nigeria. Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy, Vol. 3(4).
57. Tollens, F. (2000). Food Security: Incidence and causes of food insecurity among vulnerable groups and coping strategies. In CTA (2000). Food insecurity in ACP countries. Proceedings of a CTA seminar, November.
58. Tollens, F. (2000). Food Security: Incidence and Causes of Food Insecurity among Vulnerable Groups and Coping Strategies, in CTA (2000). Food Insecurity in ACP Countries. Proceeding of a CTA Seminar, November (World Bank, 1986).
59. USAID, (2011). Promoting Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa. The Journal Outlook on Agriculture, Vol. 27. In I.J. Otaha, (2013). Food insecurity in Nigeria: way forward. African Research Review: An International Multidisciplinary Journal, Ethiopia, vol. 7 (4), Serial No. 31, September, 2013:26 – 35. Retrieved on the 2nd of August, 2019 from https://www.ajol.info/index.php/afrrev/article/viewfile/9660/86004.
60. Wolf, E. (1966). Peasants. London: Prentice – Hill.
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Published
2021-08-21
How to Cite
Okpara, R. N. . (2021). Peasantry and Food Security in Nigeria. Central Asian Journal of Social Sciences and History, 2(8), 90–107. Retrieved from https://cajssh.casjournal.org/index.php/CAJSSH/article/view/149
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