The Ka'b Emirate during the reign of Sheikh Salman bin Sultan and his successors (1737–1792)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17605/cajssh.v6i4.1207Keywords:
Ka'b Emirate, Sheikh Salman bin Sultan, Arabistan (Khuzestan), Ottoman-Persian Rivalry, Shatt Al-Arab, 18th-Century Gulf Politics, Tribal Governance, British-Persian RelationsAbstract
This research presents a historical and analytical study of the Ka'b Emirate during the rule of Sheikh Salman bin Sultan Al-Ka'bi and his successors between 1737 and 1792, a pivotal period in the history of Arab tribes in the Arabian Gulf region, particularly in the Arabistan region (currently Khuzestan). The study highlights the emergence of the Emirate, the political and military challenges it faced, its policies in confronting Ottoman and Persian influence, and the complex relationships it established with neighboring tribes. The research focuses on Sheikh Salman bin Sultan as a leader of wisdom and political acumen who managed to expand the Emirate’s sphere of influence, fortify its borders, and strengthen its relative independence despite external pressures. It also addresses the internal policies of the Emirate, including its governance system, tribal alliances, and resource management. Additionally, the study examines the role played by Sheikh Salman’s successors in preserving his political and military legacy and how they confronted the shifting balance of power in the region. Through analyzing historical sources, the research concludes that during this period, the Ka'b Emirate represented a unique model of an Arab political entity that managed to assert itself in a highly turbulent regional environment.
References
I. K. Al-Obaidi, Ahwaz: An occupied Arab land, Baghdad: Dar Al-Hurriya for Printing, 1980.
A. Wilson, The Persian Gulf: A historical summary from ancient times to the early twentieth century, A. Youssef, Trans.
J. B. Kelly, Britain and the Persian Gulf 1795–1870, M. A. Abdullah, Trans., Amman.
J. Lorimer, Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf: Historical section, Diwan of Sheikh of Qatar, Trans., Doha, 1967.
H. M. Al-Dujaili, Iran and Iraq over five centuries, Beirut: Dar Al-Adwaa, 1999.
H. Al-Qahwati, The commercial role of Basra 1869–1914, Baghdad, 1980.
R. Al-Karkoukli, Dohat Al-Wuzara’ fi Tarikh Baghdad Al-Zawraa, M. K. Nawras, Trans., Beirut.
S. H. Longrigg, Four centuries of modern Iraq history, J. Al-Khayyat, Trans., 4th ed., Baghdad, 1968.
B. J. Slot, The Arabs of the Gulf in light of Dutch East India Company sources 1602–1784, A. Khoury, Trans., Abu Dhabi, 1993.
S. M. Al-Abed, The Emirate of Arabistan Kaa’b: The eastern borders of the Arab homeland: A historical study, Baghdad.
S. M. S. Al-Ali, The political history of Iran’s relations with eastern Arabia during Reza Shah Pahlavi’s era, Basra, 1984.
A. M. Amin, Naval powers in the Persian Gulf during the eighteenth century, Baghdad, 1966.
A. M. Amin, British interests in the Persian Gulf 1747–1778, H. K. Lazim, Trans., Baghdad, 1977.
A. Nawar, Iraqi-Iranian relations: A study in conference diplomacy, Cairo, 1974.
O. S. Al-Waeli Al-Basri, Mutali’ Al-Su’oud: The history of Iraq 1774–1826, I. A. Raouf et al., Eds., Mosul, 1991.
A. Nawras, The Kaa’b Arab Emirate in the eighteenth century in light of British documents, Baghdad, 1982.
A. Nawras, Iranian policy in the Persian Gulf during Karim Khan’s reign 1757–1779, Baghdad: Arab Organization for Education, Culture and Science, 1982.
A. Nawras, Iraq during the Ottoman era 1700–1800, Baghdad, 1979.
A. S. Ali, History of Iraq in the Ottoman era 1638–1750, Mosul, 1985.
M. Al-Najjar, The political history of the Arabistan Arab Emirate 1897–1925, Cairo, 1971.
H. Flatin, The Marsh Arabs, J. Said, Trans., Beirut, 2006.
